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ZONING ORDINANCE – BRUCE TOWNSHIP
CONSOLIDATED ORDINANCE NO. 01-2004 (Includes Amendments 1 – 7)

ORDINANCE NO. 01-2004
ZONING ORDINANCE
BRUCE TOWNSHIP, MICHIGAN

28.000 AN ORDINANCE authorized under Act 110 of the Public Acts of Michigan for 2006 known as the "Michigan Zoning Enabling Act" for regulation of the development and use of land; to provide for the establishment of zoning districts; to prescribe the powers and duties of certain officials; to provide for the assessment and collection of fees; to prescribe penalties and provide remedies; and to provide for the repeal of all ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict therewith.

THE TOWNSHIP BOARD OF THE TOWNSHIP OF BRUCE
CHIPPEWA COUNTY, MICHIGAN, ORDAINS:

PREAMBLE

In accordance with the authority and intent of Act 110 of the Public Acts of 2006, the Township desires to provide for the orderly Township development that is essential to the well-being of the community and its residents.

The provisions of this Ordinance are intended to encourage appropriate and orderly uses of lands and natural resources in the Township; to limit inappropriate uses of land; to provide for orderly Township development without undue burden on developers, industry, commerce, residents, agriculture, and natural resources and to protect the same from incongruous and incompatible uses of adjacent lands; to promote the economic well-being of the Township community and its residents; and to promote and protect the public health, safety, comfort, convenience, and general welfare of all persons and property owners in the Township.
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Article I. - Introduction

28.100 Short Title. This ordinance shall be known and cited as the "Bruce Township Zoning Ordinance".

28.101 Repeal of Prior Ordinances. This Ordinance repeals Sections 15.000 to 15.280 inclusive of the Bruce Township Code as passed June 1, 1963 and revised August 10, 1978 and amends the Bruce Township Code by adding new Sections, which new Sections shall be designated as Sections 28.000 to 28.2201 inclusive of the Bruce Township Code.

The repeal of the June 1, 1963 Ordinance and its subsequent amendments does not affect or impair any act done, offense committed, right accruing, liability, penalty, or forfeiture incurred prior to the effective date of this Ordinance. It is not the intent of this paragraph to repeal any other part of the Code of Ordinances of Bruce Township.

28.102 Vested Right. It is hereby expressly declared that nothing in this Ordinance shall be held or construed to give or grant to any person, firm, or corporation any vested right, license, privilege, or permit.
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Article II - Definitions

28.200 Construction of Language. For the purposes of this Ordinance, certain terms are herewith defined. When not inconsistent with the context, words used in the present tense include the future, words in the singular include the plural, and words in the plural include the singular. The word "shall" is always mandatory and not merely directory. Terms not herein defined shall have the meaning customarily assigned to them.

28.201 A - Definitions

Alley. Any dedicated public way affording a secondary means of access to abutting property, not intended for general traffic circulation.

Alterations. Any change, addition or modification to a structure or type of occupancy, and/or change in structural members of a building, such as walls or partitions, columns, beams or girders, the consummated act of which may be referred to herein as "altered" or "reconstructed".

Apartments. The dwelling units in a multiple unit dwelling.

Auto Repair Facility. A business establishment where the following types of services are provided: general motor vehicle repair, vehicle body repair, engine rebuilding or repair, undercoating, painting, tire recapping, upholstery work, and auto glass work.

28.202 B - Definitions

Basement. That portion of a building which is partly or wholly below the established grade at the front of the building but so located that the vertical distance from the established grade to the floor is greater than the vertical distance from the established grade to the ceiling. If the vertical distance from the established grade to the ceiling is over five (5) feet, that portion of the building shall be considered the ground floor.

Bed & Breakfast. A residential dwelling where a morning meal and overnight lodging are furnished for compensation on a daily basis to two (2) or more persons who are not members of the family occupying and operating the premises.

Billboard. Any structure or portion thereof designed or intended to be used for posting, painting, or otherwise affixing any advertising material which does not pertain to the premises or to the use of premises on which the billboard is located or to goods sold or services rendered or activities conducted on such premises.

Boarding House. A residential dwelling where meals with or without lodging are furnished for compensation on a weekly or monthly basis to three (3) or more persons who are not members of the family occupying and operating the premises, but not necessarily to anyone who may apply.

Boat Docking Facilities (Commercial). Boat docking facilities available for use with the payment of a fee or other type of compensation and boat docking facilities used in conjunction with any commercial business activity.

Boat Docking Facilities (Residential). Boat docking facilities for the exclusive use of residential property owners or occupants and their transient guests.

Boat House. A temporary or permanent beach structure on or near the water which is used as a storage enclosure for watercraft.

Building. Any structure, either temporary or permanent, used or intended for use as a shelter of enclosure for persons, animals or property of any kind. This shall include mobile homes, manufactured or pre-cut homes or structures, vehicles, tents, or other enclosures with comparable uses or intended uses.

Building, Accessory. A subordinate structure, the use of which is clearly incidental to that of the main building or to the use of the land.

Building Height. The vertical distance from the established grade at the center of the front of the building to the highest point of the roof surface for flat roofs and to the midpoint between the eaves and the peak (high point) of the roof for mansard, gable, hip, and gambrel roofs.

Building Line. The line formed by the face of the building or building accessory, which, for the purposes of this Ordinance, is the same as a front setback line.

28.203 C - Definitions

Campground. An area in which space is maintained or used for overnight or temporary lodging by transients in their own tents, truck campers, travel trailers, or motor homes. Outdoor cooking facilities may be furnished. Water and sanitary facilities, if furnished, must be approved by the Chippewa County Health Department.

Club. An organization of persons for special purposes or for the promulgation of sports, arts, science, literature, politics or the like, but not for profit.

28.204 D - Definitions

District. A portion of the Township within which certain regulations and requirements or various combinations thereof apply under the provisions of this Ordinance.

Dwelling Unit. A building or a portion thereof, designed for occupancy by one (1) family for residential purposes and having cooking and sanitary facilities.

Dwelling, Single Family. A building containing not more than one (1) dwelling unit. For purposes of this Ordinance, Hunting Camps and Seasonal Cottages shall be considered Single Family Dwellings.

Dwelling, Multiple Family. A building containing two (2) or more dwelling units.

28.205 E - Definitions

Erected. Means built, constructed, reconstructed, or moved upon a property, including any physical operations on the property required for construction. Excavation, fill, drainage, installation of utilities, and the like, shall be considered a part of erection.

Essential Services. Means services provided for public health, safety, or welfare by public utilities or Township departments of underground, surface, or overhead gas, electrical, steam, fuel, water, and communication systems, including towers, poles, wires, mains, drains, sewers, pipes, conduits, and cables, plus traffic signals, hydrants, and similar accessories used in connection therewith. Included are buildings which are necessary for the furnishing of adequate service by such utilities or Township departments. Storage areas and buildings for offices, maintenance, warehousing, and facilities of a similar nature are not included.

28.206 F - Definitions

Family. A group of persons domiciled together in one dwelling unit whose relationship is of a continuing domestic character and who are living as a single non-profit housekeeping unit. This definition shall not include any society, club, fraternity, sorority, association, lodge, coterie, organization, or group of students or other individuals living cooperatively but not as a continuing domestic unit.

Farm. All of the un-platted contiguous or associated land operated as a single unit on which bona fide farming or agricultural activity is carried out. This includes cervidae livestock facilities operated in accordance with the Privately Owned Cervidae Producers Marketing Act (Act 190 of 2000) and aquaculture facilities operated in accordance with the Michigan Aquaculture Development Act (Act 199 of 1996).

Establishments for the keeping or raising of fur-bearing animals or non-cervidae game animals, dog kennels, stockyards, slaughterhouses, stone quarries, and gravel or sand pits shall not be considered farm activities hereunder except as minor activities on the same contiguous tract of land and conducted in support of the principal farming or agricultural activity. Premises operated as fertilizer works, bone yards, rendering plants, or used for the disposal of garbage, sewage, rubbish, offal, or junk shall not constitute a farm or agricultural activity hereunder.

Farm Dwelling. Any dwelling located on a farm as defined by this Ordinance and occupied as the home or residence of the owner-operator, manager, or tenant-farmer of that farm.

Fences and Walls. Fences and walls are defined as follows:

(a) Fences - Structures erected to enclose or screen areas of land.

(b) Retaining Walls - Structures erected to support embankments or to prevent erosion or collapse of steep slopes.

(c) Shoreline Walls - Structures erected to contain property adjacent to lakes and waterways and/or to control erosion by water action.

Floor Area (for the purposes of computing the floor area in a residential dwelling unit). The sum of the horizontal areas of each story of the dwelling measured from exterior faces of the exterior walls. The floor area measurement shall be exclusive of the areas of basements, unfinished attics, attached garages, breeze-ways, enclosed and unenclosed porches, and accessory buildings.

Fraternity, Sorority, or Cooperative Housing. A building used for the housing of unrelated individuals, living together as a single housekeeping unit, and serving as the place of residence for the members of a fraternity, sorority or similar housing cooperative. The term "family" does not apply to individuals occupying this type of housing.

Front Yard. The clear distance between the face of a building and the right-of-way line of a road or highway or twenty five (25) feet, whichever is the shorter distance. Buildings on corner lots shall be considered as having a front yard on each side adjacent to a road or highway.

28.207 G - Definitions

Garage. Garages are defined as follows:

(a) Garage, private: an accessory building used for parking or storage of motor vehicles, but not as a for-profit servicing, repair, or vehicle storage facility.
(b) Garage, commercial: a building used for the parking, servicing, repair, and/or storage of vehicles as a for-profit enterprise.

Gasoline Service Station. A place for the dispensing, sale, or offering for sale of motor fuels directly to users of motor vehicles, together with the sale of accessories and the servicing of and repair of automobiles.

Grade, Established. The established grade is the mean ground surface elevation at the face of a wall at which building height or basement depth measurements are made.

Greenbelt. Contiguous or linear undeveloped land reserved for plant growth and which serves as a buffer area or obscuring screen or for recreation or conservation purposes.

28.208 H - Definitions

Hazardous or Toxic Waste. Waste or a combination of waste and other discarded material which meets the state law definition of MCL 324.11103(3).

Highway. Any public thoroughfare in the Township road system, including Federal, State, and County roads and highways.

Home Occupation. An occupation or profession carried on inside a dwelling unit by an occupant of the dwelling unit as a secondary use which is clearly subservient to the use of the dwelling for residential purposes and which is permitted by the Township in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance.

Hunting Camp. For purposes of this Ordinance, A Hunting Camp shall be considered a Seasonal Cottage. See definition for Seasonal Cottage.

28.209 I - Definitions

(Reserved for future use)

28.210 J - Definitions

Junk. Any personal property which is accumulated or may be salvaged for reuse, resale, reduction, or similar disposition, and rubbish of any kind.

Junkyard. Any property where waste and/or used or secondhand materials are bought and sold, exchanged, stored, baled, packed, disassembled, or handled including, but not limited to, scrap iron and other metals, paper, rags, glass, rubber, used motor vehicles, and similar articles or property. This includes automobile wrecking yards and includes any area of more than two hundred (200) square feet used for storage, keeping, or abandonment of junk, but does not include uses established entirely within enclosed buildings.

28.211 K - Definitions

Kennel, Commercial. An establishment where dogs and/or cats are maintained for boarding, training, or similar purposes for a fee or compensation; or an establishment, other than a publicly operated animal shelter, where dogs and cats are sold, traded, or offered for adoption with or without charge. Not included are residential dwellings where dogs and cats are occasionally offered for sale or adoption but not as a recognized business operation.

28.212 L - Definitions

Livestock. Domestic animals commonly raised for food, fur, fiber, transportation, or work purposes.

Lot. A specific parcel of land occupied, or which could be occupied, by buildings and accessory buildings, or utilized for a principal purpose. A lot may or may not be specifically designated as such on public records (a Lot of Record) and may be combined with other lots under a common property tax number for property tax purposes.

Lot of Record. A parcel of land, the description or dimensions of which are appropriately defined and on file with the County Register of Deeds or in common use by Township or County officials and which actually exists as defined.

Lot Area. The total horizontal area within the lot lines of a lot. Where a property boundary encloses a street area, the lot area shall not include that part of the lot in use or reserved for use as a street.

Lot Lines. The lines bounding a lot as defined herein.

(a) Front lot line: the line separating said lot from the road right-of-way. In the case of double frontage lots, both lot lines abutting on roads shall be treated as front lot lines.
(b) Rear lot line: the lot line opposite a front lot line.
(c) Side lot line: any lot lines other than a front lot line or rear lot line.

Lot Depth. The mean horizontal distance from the front lot line to the rear lot line measured at right angles to the front lot line. Where front and rear lot lines are not parallel, the lot depth shall be the average horizontal distance between front and rear lot lines.

Lot Width. The mean horizontal distance between side lot lines as measured at right angles to such side lot lines. Where side lot lines are not parallel, the lot width shall be the average horizontal distance between side lot lines.

28.213 M - Definitions

Master Plan. The Township's comprehensive plan indicating the general location for streets, parks, schools, public buildings, and other physical development of the Township.

Mobile Home (Trailer Coach, House Trailer, Manufactured Home). A mobile home is a structure, transportable in one or more sections, which is built on a chassis and is designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air conditioning, and electrical systems in the structure. The term "mobile home" does not include a recreational vehicle as defined in Section 28.218.

Mobile Home Park (Trailer Court, Trailer Park). A parcel or tract of land upon which three (3) or more mobile homes are located on a continual non-recreational basis that is offered to the public for that purpose, regardless of whether a charge is made therefore, together with any building, structure, enclosure, street, equipment, or facility used or intended for the occupancy of a mobile home. Mobile home parks are regulated by the Michigan Manufactured Housing Commission under The Mobile Home Commission Act, Public Act 96 of 1987, as amended.

Motel. A series of attached, semi-attached, or detached rental units containing bedroom, bathroom, and closet space. Units shall provide overnight lodging, be offered to the public for compensation, and cater primarily to the public traveling by motor vehicles.

Municipal Civil Infraction. An act or omission that is prohibited by Township Ordinance, but which is not a criminal offense, and for which civil sanctions including without limitation, fines, damages, expenses, and costs may be ordered, as authorized by Chapter 87 of Act No. 236 of the Public Acts of 1961, as amended.

28.214 N - Definitions

Non-conforming Use. A building, structure, or land use that existed on the effective date of this Ordinance but does not conform with the provisions of the Zoning Ordinance, as amended, for the Zoning District in which it is located. A "lawful" non-conforming use is a use that was in full compliance with the Zoning Ordinance requirements in effect at the time the use was commenced and is considered to be a "prior non-conforming use".

Nursing Home, Convalescent Home, or Foster Care Home. A structure with sleeping rooms where persons are housed and furnished with meals and nursing care or other forms of living assistance for a fee.

28.215 O - Definitions

Ordinary High Water Mark. The line between upland and bottomland which persists through successive changes in water levels, below which the presence of and action of the water is so common or recurrent that the character of the land is markedly distinct from the upland and is apparent in the soil itself, the configuration of the surface of the soil, and the vegetation. On an inland lake which has a level established by law, it means the highest established level.

28.216 P - Definitions

Privy. An outdoor toilet facility at a permanent or semi-permanent location not connected to a septic disposal system or to a public sewer system and usually without a water supply system.

Public Utility. Any firm or corporation, governmental organization, board, or commission duly authorized to provide gas, steam, electricity, sewage disposal, communication services, transportation and/or water to the public and subject to regulation by Federal, State, or local governments.

28.217 Q - Definitions

(Reserved for future use)

28.218 R - Definitions

Recreational Vehicle. A transportable structure mounted on wheels that is self-propelled or towed by a motor vehicle. For purposes of this Ordinance, a recreational vehicle is designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use. This definition includes, but is not limited to, portable structures commonly known as travel trailers, travel homes, fold-down campers, truck-mounted campers, converted buses, and fifth wheels.

Restaurant. A business establishment in which the preparation and sale of food for on-site consumption or take-out accounts for fifty (50) percent or more of gross receipts. Alcoholic beverages may be sold provided that the sale and/or distribution of such beverages shall account for less than fifty (50) percent of gross receipts.

Road or Street. A public thoroughfare which affords the principal means of access to abutting property and, for the purposes of this Ordinance, includes the entire road right-of-way.

28.219 S - Definitions

Seasonal Cottage. A dwelling unit constructed and used for intermittent and/or seasonal occupancy,

Setback Line. A line that establishes the minimum clear distance that a building, structure (or parts thereof), or Special Land Use is permitted to be located from a roadway centerline or lot line, as appropriate.

Sexually Oriented Businesses. This Ordinance groups sexually oriented businesses under eight (8) classifications. Each classification is defined separately. See Section 28.605G, Subsections A and B for classifications and definitions.

Sign. Any announcement, declaration, illustration, or insignia that is accessory to the principal use of a building or premises and is used to identify, advertise, or promote the interest of any person, product, or project thereon, when the same is placed or displayed out of doors in view of the general public.

Special Land Uses. Special Land Uses are discretionary uses that are not fundamentally incompatible with permitted uses in a zoning district but have characteristics that could create problems, conflicts with existing uses, or become nuisances if located at inappropriate sites or allowed without proper controls or limitations.

Story. That part of a building included between the surface of one floor and the surface of the next floor, or if there is no floor above, then the ceiling next above.

Structures. Anything constructed or erected, the use of which requires location on or under the ground or attachment to something having location on or under the ground but exclusive of driveways and pavements.

28.220 T - Definitions

Tavern (Bar, Lounge, Pub). A business establishment in which the on-site sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages accounts for fifty (50) percent or more of gross receipts. The preparation and sale of food for on-site consumption may be included as a secondary activity. Subordinate activities may also include provisions for live bands or singers, recorded music, video presentations, and dancing.

Temporary Building or Use. A structure or use permitted to exist during limited periods for specific purposes, or for special events.

Thoroughfare, Major. An arterial road which is intended to serve as a large volume traffic way for both the immediate Township area and the region beyond. For the purposes of this Ordinance, major Township thoroughfares are M-129, M-28, 15 Mile Road, 9 Mile Road, and Riverside Drive.

Thoroughfare, Secondary. An arterial road which is intended to serve as a traffic way serving primarily the immediate Township area and serving to connect with major thoroughfares. For the purpose of this Ordinance, secondary thoroughfares are 7 Mile Road, 12 Mile Road, and Shunk Road.

Township. Any use of the word Township in this Ordinance shall be understood to mean Bruce Township, Chippewa County, Michigan unless specifically indicated otherwise.

28.221 U - Definitions

Use. The principle use to which a premises is devoted.

28.222 V - Definitions

Variance. An approved exception to a provision of the Zoning Ordinance.

28.223 W - Definitions

(Reserved for future use)

28.224 X - Definitions

(Reserved for future use)

28.225 Y - Definitions

(Reserved for future use)

28.226 Z - Definitions

(Reserved for future use)

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Article III - General Provisions

28.300 Conflicting regulations. Whenever any provision of this Ordinance imposes more stringent requirements, regulations, restrictions or limitations than are imposed or required by the provisions of any other Township ordinance, then the provisions of this Ordinance shall govern. Whenever the provisions of any other Township ordinance impose more stringent requirements than are imposed or required by this Ordinance, then the provisions of such other ordinance shall govern.

28.301 Scope. No building or structure, or part thereof, shall hereafter be erected, constructed, or altered, and no new use or change shall be made of any building, structure, land, or part thereof, except in conformity with the provisions of this Ordinance and with all pertinent building and fire codes.

28.302 Size of Dwelling Lots. Every lot upon which a dwelling is hereafter erected or altered shall be not less than one (1) acre in area nor less than one hundred and fifty (150) feet in width; provided, however, that this requirement shall not apply to a parcel of land less in size than said area and platted and identified as a single unit on a plat officially approved and recorded prior to the effective date of this Ordinance.

28.303 Irregular Shaped Lots. Where the shape of lots or other circumstances result in conditions where the setback requirement provisions of this Ordinance cannot reasonably be applied, the Planning Commission shall prescribe such setback requirements.

28.304 Floor Area of Dwellings.

(a) Single family dwellings shall have a minimum of seven hundred fifty (750) square feet of floor area.

(b) Multiple family dwellings shall have the following minimum floor areas:

Studio Apartments 480 square feet per unit
1 bedroom 600 square feet per unit
2 bedrooms 750 square feet per unit
3 bedrooms 900 square feet per unit
4 or more bedrooms 1,000 square feet per unit plus an additional 100 square feet for every bedroom more than 4 bedrooms

(c) Floor area determinations for single family dwellings that are mobile homes shall include only the floor area of the unit as originally manufactured exclusive of any additions or accessory buildings. Mobile homes designed for independent use may not be combined as a single living unit for purposes of meeting the floor area requirement.

28.305 Building Height. No building, structure, or any part thereof, except farm buildings, shall be erected or altered to a height exceeding thirty-five (35) feet except that buildings and structures permitted under this Ordinance for non-dwelling purposes, other than accessory buildings, may be erected or altered to a height not exceeding fifty (50) feet. Non-dwelling buildings or structures exceeding the thirty-five (35) foot requirement shall be subject to prior approval as Special Land Uses in accordance with the requirements of ARTICLE VI - Special Land Uses.

28.306 Accessory Buildings. Accessory buildings, except as otherwise permitted in this Ordinance, shall be subject to the following requirements:

(a) Where an accessory building is structurally attached to a main building, it shall be subject to all of the yard requirements applicable to the main building.
(b) Accessory buildings shall not be erected within the setback lines established in ARTICLE V of this Ordinance except as provided in Section 28.505(d).
(c) In no instance shall an accessory building be located within a dedicated easement or right-of-way.

28.307 Fences and Walls. Fences and walls shall be allowed subject to the following standards:

(a) General Requirements (all fences):
1. The term fences shall be deemed to include walls when such walls are used as alternatives to fences.
2. All fences shall be erected with fence posts and supports on the interior side except fences for the containment of farm animals and livestock, in which case posts and supports may be on the exterior side but within the property lines.
3. Fences shall be constructed using the types and qualities of materials considered standard fencing industry practice.
4. Fences shall not contain barbed wire or electric current except as in general use for the containment of farm animals.
5. Fences shall not contain razor wire, spikes, or similar types of potentially harmful materials.
6. Except as provided in Item 7, fences may be located at property lines but shall not encroach on any public rights-of-way or adjacent properties.
7. Fences shall be located on the land side of and a minimum of thirty (30) feet from the ordinary high water mark of a lake, river, or stream.
8. Fence heights shall be measured from the surface of the ground immediately below the location of the fence.
9. All fences shall be of such design and location that they do not obstruct the vision of motorists on adjacent roads or the vision of pedestrians or motorists leaving the premises.
10. Retaining walls are exempt from these fence and wall provisions.
11. Shoreline walls are subject to the requirements of the Corps of Engineers and the Department of Environmental Quality and are exempt from these fence and wall provisions.

(b) Fence Heights - Residential Uses
1. Fences not greater than six (6) feet in height are allowed except in front yard and riverfront setback areas.
2. Fences not exceeding four (4) feet in height are allowed in front yard setback areas provided that the fences are constructed of chain link or comparable "see-thru" materials.

(c) Fence Heights - Farm, Industrial, and Commercial Uses
1. Fences not greater than six (6) feet in height are allowed provided that fences constructed in front yard setback areas must be constructed of chain link or comparable "see-thru" materials.

(d) Special Fencing Needs.
1. Special fencing needs and non-standard fencing proposals will be considered on a case-by-case basis as Special Land Uses.

28.308 Limitations of Dwellings per Lot. One single-family dwelling is allowed on a lot meeting the dwelling lot requirements of Section 28.302 of this Ordinance. One additional single-family dwelling may be permitted provided that the lot is a minimum of two (2) acres in size; the dwelling units and appurtenant structures are separated by a minimum of twenty (20) feet; and Health Department approval of water and sewer arrangements is obtained. All proposed multiple family dwellings are subject to Special Land Use permitting requirements.

28.309 Vehicular Parking. For each dwelling, commercial, industrial, manufacturing or other similar business or service establishment hereafter erected or altered, and located on a public highway, road, or street in the unincorporated portions of the Township, including buildings or structures used principally as places of public assembly, there shall be provided and maintained adequate space off the public right-of-way for parking or loading of vehicles as indicated below. Such space shall be provided with safe exits to and entrances from the public thoroughfare. Driveway location and approval requirements are included under Section 28.323.

The minimum number of off-street parking spaces provided shall be in accordance with the following schedule:

Commercial and business establishments including offices and service establishments but excluding taverns: One parking space for every two-hundred (200) square feet of floor space or part thereof.

Hospitals and institutions of similar nature: One parking space for every three hundred (300) square feet of floor space of part thereof.

Restaurants: One parking space for every one hundred (100) square feet of floor area or part thereof.

Theaters, churches, public and private halls, amusement and recreation establishments, and all places of pubic assembly: One parking space for every four (4) seats or fraction thereof.

Hotels and similar establishments offering lodging: One parking space for each guest room.

Taverns: One parking space for every sixty-six (66) square feet of floor space or part thereof.

Dwellings: One parking space for each family unit occupying the premises.

28.310 Temporary Dwelling Structures. No building, trailer coach, tent, garage, cellar, basement, or other temporary dwelling structure which does not conform to the provisions of this Ordinance for dwellings shall be erected, altered or moved upon any premises and used for dwelling purposes except under the following limitations:

(a) The location of each such temporary dwelling shall conform to the yard and setback requirements for dwellings in the District in which it is situated.
(b) The use of any temporary dwelling structure shall be for the sole purpose of providing dwelling facilities during which a permanent dwelling structure conforming to the provisions of this Ordinance is actively under construction.
(c) Such temporary use shall not exceed twelve (12) months.
(d) An application for a zoning permit for the erection, movement, alteration, and use of such temporary dwelling shall be submitted to the Township Clerk. On approval and delivery of a permit, the applicant shall certify on the Township copy of the permit that he or she is aware of the limitations of the permit and penalties pertaining thereto. No permit shall be transferable to any other person.
(e) The conditions of this section shall not apply to any motor home when located in a motor home park.
(f) The Planning Commission shall have the authority to modify the requirements for temporary dwelling structures on a case by case basis when it determines that such modifications are reasonable and appropriate.

28.311 Combination Business and Dwelling Buildings and Structures. Each building or structure used for combined dwelling and business purposes shall provide an area of not less than seven hundred fifty (750) square feet for that part used for dwelling purposes.

28.312 Water Supply. Except as provided in Section 28.1100, every dwelling unit shall have available a supply of safe water obtained from either:

(a) A public or municipal supply.
(b) A drilled well.

Water supply permits shall be obtained from the Chippewa County Health Department.

28.313 Private Water Supply. When a private water supply is required, the type, location, and construction of the well shall be in accordance with requirements of the Michigan Department of Health.

28.314 Public Sewer Supply. Connection shall be made to a public sewer system when available in accordance with County and State plumbing codes.

28.315 Private Sewage Disposal System. When a private sewage disposal system is required, the type, size, and construction of all septic tanks, drainage fields, and lagoons shall be in accordance with requirements of the Michigan Department of Health.

28.316 Septic Tanks and Septic Toilets. When a septic tank or septic toilet is installed it shall comply with all County and State plumbing, building, and public health codes.

28.317 Hazardous or Toxic Waste. Facilities that produce hazardous or toxic waste materials are subject to stringent state and federal controls. Any facilities of this nature for which permits are requested under provisions of this Ordinance shall be required to provide evidence of compliance with these federal and state requirements in addition to the supporting materials required by this Ordinance for Zoning or Special Land use permits.

28.318 Essential services. Essential services as defined in this Ordinance and as authorized and regulated by law are exempt from the provisions of this Ordinance.

28.319 Home Occupations. Home occupations are grouped in two (2) classifications under this Ordinance - those allowed with No Permit Required and those requiring a Special Land Use Permit.

(a) No Permit Required - No permits are required for the types of home occupations that are conducted within a dwelling unit occupied as a residence by the proprietor, that employ no paid assistants other than residents of the dwelling unit, that average five (5) or less customer/client visits per week to the dwelling unit, and that are not readily apparent from streets or adjacent properties. No permits are required for day care in single-family dwelling units for up to six (6) children and for giving instruction in a craft or fine art in a single-family dwelling. A non-illuminated wall sign not to exceed two (2) square feet in area may be displayed. The Township reserves the right to regulate noise, advertising, traffic, hours of operation, or other conditions that may accompany the use of a residence for these purposes.

(b) Special Land Use Permit Required - Special Land Use Permits are required for all Home Occupations that do not meet the requirements for operation with No Permit Required. Such proposed uses shall be considered in accordance with the provisions of Article VI - Special Land Uses.

28.320 Boat Docking/Launching Facilities.

(a) All boat docking and launching facilities shall be subject to the standards and permitting requirements of the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, the Corps of Engineers, and this Ordinance.

(b) Residential boat docking and launching facilities meeting the requirements of (a) above do not require Township review or Township permits.

(c) Commercial boat docking and launching facilities require a Special Land Use Permit in addition to meeting the requirements of (a) above. Special Land Use Permit applications may be submitted either before or after application to the appropriate state and federal permitting agencies.

28.321 Livestock and Poultry on Platted and Certain Other Lots. This Ordinance recognizes the rural character of the Township and the desire of many residents to keep horses and other types of livestock and poultry on their property. It is also apparent that this practice may adversely affect the environment and beneficial use of adjacent properties. Lot size is clearly a factor affecting this impact on adjacent properties. It is not intended that the following provisions unduly restrict the practice but to reduce the potential for adverse impacts on adjacent properties resulting from close proximity. The following provisions shall have application as indicated:

The keeping of livestock (including hobby and show animals) and poultry on platted lots of any size and on other lots five (5) acres in size or less shall be subject to Planning Commission review and approval as Special Land Uses. The review shall consider the proposed number and types of livestock or poultry, the character of the surrounding area, the lot size, animal waste disposal plans, and the design and placement of animal housing and/or protective structures on the premises.

The activities associated with all Special Land Use approvals under this provision are considered temporary in nature and may have time limits and/or periodic reviews attached as conditions of approval.

28.322 Lighting. All lighting on any premises shall be so arranged that such lighting does not produce glare that is a nuisance or annoyance to residents or occupants of adjoining premises

28.323 Driveways. All proposed entry/exit roadways require permits issued by the Chippewa County Road Commission or by the Michigan Department of Transportation as appropriate. Proposed driveway locations are also subject to Township review and approval in conjunction with the processing of Zoning and Special Land Use Permit requests.
Driveways must be offset a minimum of five (5) feet from property lines.

28.324 Recreational Vehicle Parking. No parcel of land shall be used for the parking of recreational vehicles for providing temporary living quarters for vacation, recreational, camping, travel, and/or similar uses except in accordance with the following requirements:

(a) A maximum of two (2) recreational vehicles may be placed on a parcel or premises at any one time. For purposes of this requirement, contiguous lots under the same ownership shall be considered a single parcel.
(b) Parking for any particular recreational vehicle shall be limited to one continuous 3-week period in any 2-month period. Such 2-month period shall commence on the first day of occupancy by the recreational vehicle. This provision shall not apply to a recreational vehicle occupied by the owner of the parcel of land on which the recreational vehicle is parked.
(c) No recreational vehicle may occupy any portion of any setback area.
(d) No payment, fee, or other form of compensation may be levied or accepted for the parking of recreational vehicles except in conjunction with recreational vehicle parks or campgrounds for which a Special Land Use Permit has been approved.
(e) All recreational vehicles occupying any parcel or premises under this provision must have current state registration.
(f) No connections to private septic systems shall be made without the prior approval of the Chippewa County Health Department. Evidence of Health Department approval shall be provided to the Township upon request. Septic system connections at existing parking pads with septic systems previously approved by the Health Department may be made without additional Health Department review.
(g) No discharge of waste products of any type into lakes, ponds, or other watercourses shall be permitted.
(h) No "gray water" or "black water" discharges onto public or private property shall be permitted under any circumstances.
(i) Any violation of any of the requirements of this provision shall be grounds for requiring the immediate removal of the recreational vehicle concerned from the premises in addition to any other enforcement and penalty provisions included in this Ordinance and/or other Township Ordinances.

28.325 Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) for Private Non-Commercial Use. Not withstanding the requirements of Section 28.605C, Wind Energy Conversion Systems for generation of electrical power for private on-site use may be installed and operated without Township review or Township permits under the following conditions:

(a) Overall height of WECS structures including rotor or windmill blades shall not exceed sixty (60) feet measured from the ground surface at the base of the structure.

(b) WECS structures must be setback from lot lines a distance equal to or greater than the overall height of the structure.

(c) The entire WECS shall be filtered and/or shielded as necessary to prevent the emission of generated radio frequency energy which could cause interference with radio and television broadcasting and/or reception. No WECS that generates such interference shall be operated until such time as effective filtering and/or shielding is in place.

28.326 Open Space Preservation (MCL 125.3506). Land zoned for residential development may be developed, at the option of the landowner, with the same number of dwelling units on a smaller portion of the land area proposed for development by the landowner than would normally be permitted under the Zoning Ordinance, but not on more than 50% of such land area, if all of the following apply:

(a) The land is zoned at a density equivalent to 2 or fewer dwelling units per acre or, if the land is served by a public sewer system, 3 or fewer dwelling units per acre.

(b) Fifty (50) percent of the land area proposed for development will remain perpetually in an undeveloped state by means of a conservation easement, plat dedication, restrictive covenant, or other legal means acceptable to the Township that runs with the land.

(c) The development does not depend upon the extension of a public sewer or public water supply system unless development of the land without the exercise of the option would also depend upon the extension.

(d) The option provided under this subsection has not previously been exercised with respect to the land in question.

Any development proposals submitted under these provisions for consideration by the Township shall be processed as Special Land Uses under provisions of Article VI. The petition provisions of MCL 125.3402 shall also have application to the development proposals.

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Article IV. - Non-Conforming Lots, Uses, and Structures

28.400 General. Within the Districts established by this Ordinance or amendments that may later be adopted there exist lots, structures, and/or uses of land and structures which were lawful before this Ordinance was passed or amended, but which would be prohibited, regulated, or restricted under the terms of this Ordinance or future amendments, the following provisions shall apply:

(a) It is the intent of this Ordinance to permit prior non-conforming uses to continue with restrictions. Such prior non-conforming uses shall not be expanded or extended except as provided in Section 28.406 but normal maintenance and necessary safety improvements may be accomplished as necessary.

(b) Any use of land for which a Zoning Permit or a Special Land Use Permit has not been issued by the Township is, by definition, a non-conforming use. This does not have application to uses not requiring Permits.

(c) Nothing in this Ordinance shall be deemed to require a change in the plans, construction, or designated use of any building or structure for which a lawful Zoning Permit was obtained prior to the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance and which remained valid on the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance.

(d) Nothing in this Ordinance shall prevent the repair, reinforcement, or rehabilitation of a prior non-conforming building, structure, or part thereof that may be necessary to support the continued advantageous use of the building or structure during its natural life. Complete or substantial reconstruction of a prior non-conforming building or structure under provisions of this subsection is not permitted.

(e) Nothing in this Ordinance shall prevent the reconstruction, repair, or restoration and the continued use of any lawfully existing building or structure necessitated by a fire or casualty loss occurring subsequent to the effective date of this Ordinance or amendments thereto provided that the type of use of the building or structure prior to the loss is continued and a Zoning Permit is obtained.. Proposed changes in the type of use shall be subject to the provisions of Section 28.406.

28.401 Non-conforming Lots. Single-family dwellings and customary accessory buildings may be erected on any single lot of record at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance if that lot is served by public water and sewer or that lot has approved well and septic permits from the Chippewa County Health Department. This provision shall apply even though such lot fails to meet the requirements for area, width, or both, that are generally applicable under this Ordinance provided that yard and setback requirements are met.

28.402 Non-conforming Land Uses. Where a lawful use of land exists at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance that does not conform to the provisions of this Ordinance, such land use may be continued subject to the following provisions:

(a) No such non-conforming land use shall be enlarged, increased, or extended to occupy a greater area of land than was occupied at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance except as provided in Section 28.406.

(b) If such non-conforming use of land ceases for any reason for a period of more than twelve (12) consecutive months any subsequent use of the land shall conform to the requirements of this Ordinance for the District in which such land is located.

28.403 Non-conforming Buildings and Structures. Where a lawful building or structure exists at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance that does not conform to the provisions of this Ordinance, such building or structure may be continued subject to the following provision:

(a) No such building or structure may be enlarged or altered in a way that increases its non-conformity except as provided in Section 28.406.

28.404 Non-conforming Uses of Buildings or Structures and Land. Where a lawful use of a building or structure and land in combination exists at the effective date of adoption or amendment of this Ordinance that does not conform to the provisions of this Ordinance, the lawful use may be continued provided it meets the requirements of Sections 28.402 and 28.403.

28.405 Change of Tenancy or Ownership. There may be a change of tenancy, ownership, or management of any existing non-conforming uses of land and/or structures.

28.406 Extension or Substitution of Lawful Non-conforming Uses. Lawful non-conforming buildings, structures, and uses may be expanded or extended and lawful non-conforming uses may be substituted subject to the following conditions:

(a) Buildings and structures may not be expanded or extended in any manner that increases usage of prescribed setback areas or increases non-conforming structure heights.
(b) Land surface usage (footprints) of buildings or structures may be increased a maximum of ten (10) percent subject to receipt of a Zoning Permit and up to twenty five (25) percent subject to the Special Land Use requirements of Article VI of this Ordinance.
(c) Any substitutions of uses of structures or land shall be subject to review and approval as Special Land Uses under provisions of Article VI of this Ordinance.
(d) Any extensions or expansions of uses that are not confined to the interior of buildings shall be subject to the Special Land Use requirements of Article VI of this Ordinance.
Lawful non-conforming earth removal, quarrying, gravel processing, mining, and related mineral extraction business operations are unique uses that, by their nature, include some degree of expansion of land surface usage on an intermittent basis. These unique uses may be expanded within the confines of the particular lot occupied subject to compliance with the Setback requirements of Subsection 28.605D(c), subject to compliance with the Ground Water requirements of Subsection 28.605D(i), and subject to compliance with the Prohibited Practices requirements of Subsection 28.605D(m).

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Article V. - Setback, Front Yard, Side Yard, and Rear Yard Requirements

28.500 General. More restrictive requirements if detailed for specific Zoning Districts take precedence over the provisions of this section.

28.501 Setback Lines - Roads and Rivers.

(a) Setback lines for Michigan State Trunk Lines shall be parallel to and one hundred (100) feet from the centerline of the highway. Setback distances shall be increased if necessary to provide a minimum yard space of twenty-five (25) feet between the highway right-of-way line and any buildings or structures.

(b) Setback lines on roads not situated in subdivisions or plats of record on the effective date of this Ordinance shall be parallel to and seventy-five (75) feet from the centerline of the road right-of-way. Setback distances shall be increased if necessary to provide a minimum yard space of twenty-five (25) feet between the roadway right-of-way line and any buildings or structures.

(c) Setback lines on roads situated in subdivisions or plats of record on the effective day of this Ordinance shall be seventy-five (75) feet from the centerline of the road right-of-way. However, in the case of a lot located in a subdivision or plat in which there are existing buildings or structures with setbacks less than forty (40) feet from the road right-of-way on the effective date of this Ordinance, a reduced setback distance may be established by the Zoning Administrator. Setbacks shall not be reduced to less than twenty-five (25) feet from the road right-of-way except in unique situations where lesser neighborhood setbacks have been in common use for several years. In these unique situations, lesser setbacks may be established but shall not be reduced to less than the least setback of an existing building or structure in the affected subdivision or plat.

(d) Setback lines on the St. Mary's River and other township rivers and streams shall be thirty (30) feet inland from the ordinary high water mark.

28.502 Side Lot Setback Lines. Side lot setback lines shall be not less than ten (10) feet from side lot lines. For uses other than dwellings, side lot setbacks shall not be less than the height of the building at the side yard but not less than ten (10) feet.

28.503 Rear Lot Setback Lines. Rear yard setback lines shall be not less than ten (10) feet from rear lot lines. For uses other than dwellings, rear yard setbacks shall not be less than the height of the building at the rear yard but not less than ten (10) feet.

28.504 Alley Frontage. Where a lot abuts an alley, one-half (½) of the width of said alley may be considered a part of such lot for the purpose of computing the area of such lot and for the purpose of computing the depth of a rear yard setback required under this Ordinance.

28.505 Buildings and Structures Relative to Setback Areas.

(a) Except as provided in (d) below, no building or structure of any kind, except open fences through which there shall be clear vision (see Section 28.307), shall be hereafter constructed, erected or moved into the space within setback areas.
(b) When any highway or part thereof is officially added to the Chippewa County Road System or to the Michigan State Trunk Line System, properties adjoining such highway shall automatically be subject to the setback provisions of this Ordinance pertaining to that system.
(c) Outside stairways, fire escapes, vestibules, balconies, bay windows, decks, and similar projections from the face of a building shall be considered part of the building and shall not extend into any required front, side, or rear setbacks.
(d) Projections into required setbacks.
(1) On lots four (4) acres in size or less, totally unenclosed storage for not more than one (1) recreational vehicle and one (1) trailer-mounted watercraft may occupy part of a side or rear yard setback area.
(2) On lots four (4) acres in size or less, accessory buildings not over fifteen (15) feet in height may occupy part of rear yard (but not side yard) setback areas provided such occupancy does not exceed forty (40) percent of the rear yard setback area.

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Article VI. - Special Land Uses

28.600 General. Special Land Uses are uses that are not fundamentally incompatible with permitted uses in a zoning district but have characteristics that could create problems, conflicts with existing uses, or become nuisances if located at inappropriate sites or allowed without proper controls or limitations. Special Land Uses are discretionary uses and the township retains the right to not permit them, to permit them with controls or limitations, or to limit them to certain zoning districts.

28.601 Special Land Uses Permitted. Special Land Uses that may be permitted are identified by zoning district in ARTICLE XIII of this Ordinance. Proposed Special Land Uses not currently identified as eligible for consideration in the Zoning District concerned may be pursued as provided in Section 28.1706(a).

28.602 Requirements and Standards. The following requirements and standards are intended to promote and support the intent and purpose of this Zoning Ordinance and will be used by the Planning Commission to evaluate requests for Special Land Use permits. These requirements and standards necessitate that the Planning Commission makes judgments concerning actual and potential impacts and relies on these judgments in reaching their decisions.

Decisions will be based on consideration of the following:
(a) The character of the area in question and its suitability for the proposed use.
(b) The most advantageous uses of the property considering both community and applicant issues.
(c) The potential impacts on area property values and marketability of area properties.
(d) The potential for adverse safety impacts that may be introduced by the proposed use.
(e) The potential for adverse air quality and noise impacts.
(f) The availability of infrastructure necessary to support the proposed use or activity (roads, water supply, sewage treatment, communications, etc.)
(g) The potential for contamination of ground and surface waters with particular attention to domestic water sources.
(h) Compatibility of the proposed use or activity with surrounding uses.

28.603 Conditions. The Planning Commission may elect to approve Special Land Use permits with conditions, limitations, or requirements where a determination is made that conflicts with particular aspects of the Standards and Requirements can be sufficiently mitigated to warrant conditional approval.

28.604 Permits. See ARTICLE XIV - Permit Requirements and Procedures.

28.605 Unique Uses. The following Special Land Uses included as Sections 28.605A through 28.605G possess unique characteristics and may be permitted subject to compliance with the requirements of this Ordinance and the additional requirements and conditions indicated for each unique use.

28.605A Home Occupations. Additional requirements and conditions:
(a) Such use shall be permitted only within a dwelling occupied as a residence by the proprietor.
(b) Not more than one (1) paid assistant shall be employed other than the residents of the dwelling unit.
(c) A generally recognized retail business shall not be considered a home occupation.
(d) There shall be no exterior display other than one (1) non-illuminated sign, which is not more than sixteen (16) square feet in area. No vertical or horizontal dimension of such sign shall exceed four (4) feet.
(e) No commodity other than that produced or processed on the premises shall be sold thereon.
(f) The occupation shall not require the use of a vehicle requiring a commercial license.
(g) Adequate off-street parking shall be provided.
(h) The Township reserves the right to regulate noise, advertising, traffic, hours of operation, or other conditions that may accompany the use of a residence for these purposes.

28.605B Mobile Home Parks. Additional requirements and conditions (also see Public Act 96 of 1987, as amended, and regulations promulgated thereunder):
(a) A parcel proposed for a mobile home park shall have a minimum land area of twenty (20) acres, provide for a minimum of twenty-five (25) mobile home sites, and not exceed a maximum of seven (7) mobile home sites per acre.
(b) Eighty (80%) percent of the mobile home sites shall contain a minimum area of at least three thousand (3,000) square feet, and twenty (20%) percent shall contain a minimum area of at least two thousand four hundred (2,400) square feet. All such mobile home site areas shall be computed exclusive of service drives, mobile home park facilities, and recreational space.
(c) All mobile home parks shall have access to major or secondary thoroughfares within the Township by directly abutting thereon. Frontage on said thoroughfares shall be at least two hundred (200) feet in width.

28.605C Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). Additional provisions, requirements, and conditions (also see Section 28.325):

Definitions having application to the provisions of Section 28.605C:
(a) WECS shall mean a combination of (1) A surface area, either variable or fixed, for utilizing the wind for electrical power generation; and (2) A shaft, gearing, belt, or coupling utilized to convert the rotation of the surface area into a form suitable for driving a generator, alternator, or other electricity producing device; and (3) The generator, alternator, or other device to convert the mechanical energy of the surface area into electrical energy; and (4) The tower, pylon, or other structure upon which any, all, or some combination of the above are mounted.
(b) Tower Height is defined for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Rotors as the distance between the ground and the highest point of the WECS, as measured from the ground, plus the length by which the rotor blade on a horizontally mounted WECS exceeds the structure which supports the rotor and blades and for a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine as the distance between the ground and the highest point of the WECS.
(c) Survival Wind Speed is defined as the maximum wind speed, as designated by the WECS manufacturer, at which a WECS, in unattended operation (not necessarily producing power) is designed to survive without damage to any structural equipment or the loss of the ability to function normally.
(d) Interconnected WECS shall mean a WECS which is electrically connected to the local electrical power utility system and could feed back power into the local electrical power utility system.

Site Plan and Supplemental Information - A site plan shall be submitted meeting the requirements of Article XII of this Ordinance. In addition to the provisions of Section 28.1203, the site plan shall show the location of overhead electrical transmission or distribution lines, whether utilized or not; the location of the WECS with its specific dimensions including the entire area through which the rotors may pass; the location of any guy wires or other support devices; and the location of all occupied dwellings within three hundred (300) feet of the WECS.

Manufacturer Information - Each site plan submission shall be accompanied by a complete set (either an original or an accurately reproduced copy) of the manufacturer's instructions which shall as a minimum include (1) A standard foundation and anchor design (or specifications for same) for normal soil conditions; and (2) A detailed parts list; and (3) Clearly written instructions for assembly, installation, checkout, operation, and maintenance of the WECS on site; and (4) A list of warning documents to be provided as required herein; and (5) Grounding and lightning procedures which follow the National Electrical Code, Article 250 - Grounding and Article 280 - Lightning Arresters; and (6) Underwriters label where appropriate; and (7) Proof of insurance.

Electromagnetic Interference - The entire WECS including turbines, alternators, generators, and interconnect systems shall be filtered and/or shielded to prevent the emission of generated radio frequency energy which could cause interference with radio and television broadcasting and/or reception. The entire WECS shall also comply with applicable Federal Communication Commission Rules and in particular with 47 CFR, Part 15, Subparts A and F and Part 18, Subparts A, D, and H.

Noise - The maximum level of noise permitted to be generated by any WECS shall be fifty (50) decibels on the DBA scale measured at the property line nearest the WECS.

Setbacks - No WECS shall be erected such that any portion of the tower or turbine is closer to utility lines and/or property lines than the total height of the tower and rotor combined.

Height - The maximum allowable height, including rotor blade length of horizontal turbines, of any WECS shall be one hundred (100) feet unless otherwise prohibited by state or federal statutes or regulations.

Tower Subsystem Labeling - The following information shall be provided on labels attached to the WECS tower subsystem in a visible and easily accessible location: equipment weight of the tower subsystem, manufacturer's name and address, model number, serial number, appropriate warnings regarding hazards associated with the facility, the survival wind speed in miles per hour and meters per second, name of installer, name of person responsible for maintenance, and emergency telephone numbers for the installer and maintenance person.

Power Conversion Subsystem Labeling - The following information shall be provided on labels attached to the power conversion subsystem in a visible and easily accessible location: maximum power input (KW), rated voltage (volts), and rated current output (amperes) of the generator and alternator, manufacturer's name and address, model number, serial number, emergency and normal shutdown procedures, and underwriters label where appropriate.

Ground Clearance - For both horizontal and vertical axis turbines, the WECS rotor shall be located on the tower or support such that the minimum blade clearance above the ground is twenty (20) feet.

Accessibility - Towers shall be designed and constructed in such a manner that climbing devices are only accessible with a separate ladder at a minimum height of twelve (12) feet.

Interconnected WECS - In the case of a WECS proposed to be interconnected with the power grid of the local electric utility, the applicant shall provide proof of written notice to the utility of the proposed interconnection and the utility's response thereto. The applicant shall comply with all requirements of the servicing utility if the WECS is to be interfaced with the utility grid. The utility will install appropriate electric metering and the applicant will be required to install a disconnecting device adjacent to the electric meter(s).

Vibration - Under no circumstances shall a WECS produce vibrations humanly perceptible beyond lot boundaries.

28.605D Earth Removal, Quarrying, Gravel Processing, Mining, and Related Mineral Extraction Businesses.

This Ordinance recognizes that natural minerals are a valuable resource and that the mineral extraction business is a legitimate use of land. It is not intended that this provision unduly restrict the responsible extraction of natural minerals but rather to assure that such uses are appropriately located and that reasonable and responsible restrictions are in place to assure that negative impacts on adjacent properties and the Township are minimized. Special Land Use Permits are not required for the extraction of natural minerals from private property by property owners for their personal on-site use.

The following conditions and limitations shall apply to approval of any Special Land Use Permit for earth removal, quarrying, gravel processing, mining, and related mineral extraction businesses. These conditions and limitations are in addition to compliance with all other requirements of this Zoning Ordinance and other Township Ordinances.

(a) Site Plan - A site plan shall be submitted meeting the requirements of Article XII of this Ordinance.

(b) Location - All such operations shall be located on roads that do not carry associated truck traffic through areas developed or used primarily for residential purposes. The applicant may be required to construct and/or improve roads to accommodate truck traffic associated with such operations as a condition of approval. This requirement shall be imposed as necessary to route truck traffic around residential areas and/or to prevent the break-up of roads that are not designed and constructed to carry such traffic.

(c) Setbacks - Increased setbacks shall be required from all property lines and all public roads and highways. No excavation operations shall be permitted closer than one hundred and fifty (150) feet to adjacent property lines and to road and highway right-of-way lines except as may be permitted under Subsection (d). Larger setbacks may be required by the Planning Commission when considered necessary for proper lateral support of adjoining property and for other unique conditions. The Planning Commission shall have the discretion to reduce setback requirements to not less than one hundred (100) feet from road and highway right-of-way lines; to not less than fifty (50) feet from property lines of industrial properties and publicly owned forests; and to reduce or eliminate setbacks bordering adjacent properties used for similar mining operations if, in the judgment of the Planning Commission, such reductions are reasonable and appropriate. All setback lines shall be clearly marked prior to commencement of any clearing and/or excavation operations.

(d) Rights-of-Way - Limited excavation operations may be permitted by the Planning Commission in setback areas adjoining public rights-of-way for the lowering of land in said setback areas to the grade level of the adjacent right-of-way. Such excavation shall be at the sole discretion of the Planning Commission and shall not be permitted where the natural condition of the land provides necessary screening and buffering and/or where adequate lateral support of adjoining lands is not maintained.

(e) Streams and Waterways - No excavation operations will be permitted within three hundred (300) feet of the banks of any stream or waterway unless previously approved in writing by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality or other state or federal agency with jurisdiction over the stream or waterway.

(f) Sight Barriers - Sight barriers shall be required along all boundaries of the site that lack natural screening except where the Planning Commission determines that such barriers are unnecessary. Natural vegetation in setback areas shall not be disturbed except as may be permitted by the Zoning Administrator.

(g) Noise - Noise shall be minimized in its effect on adjacent properties. Noise generators such as crushing operations that, in the judgment of the Planning Commission, are incompatible with surrounding land uses shall not be permitted.

(h) Air Pollution - Engine exhaust generated pollution shall be kept to a minimum by the use of modern equipment and methods of operation. Interior and adjoining roads used in the operations shall have their surfaces treated as necessary to minimize dust.

(i) Ground Water - A ground water quality monitoring plan shall be submitted for Planning Commission review and approval prior to commencement of any excavation operations. Such monitoring program shall include monitoring wells, establishment of water quality baselines, and periodic independent testing of water quality. All costs associated with water quality sampling and testing shall be an obligation of the permit holder. Chippewa County Health Department guidance shall be requested regarding well point locations and installation, baseline establishment, and the nature of the monitoring program. Details of any guidance provided by the Health Department shall be included as part of the monitoring plan. The monitoring plan shall also require suspension of mining operations should any deterioration in ground water quality be noted. Resumption of mining operations following any such suspension shall require the prior concurrence of the Health Department and Township approval. Copies of all water quality test reports shall be promptly furnished to the Township.

(j) Hours of Operation - Hours of operation may be restricted by the Planning Commission.

(k) Reclamation of Mined Areas - A reclamation plan shall be submitted for Planning Commission review and approval prior to commencement of any excavation operations. Reclamation of mined areas shall be accomplished as soon as practicable following the mining or excavation of an area and shall be commenced immediately upon termination of mining and excavation operations or a suspension of such operations that exceeds one year. A performance bond sufficient to cover the estimated cost of reclamation work may be required to ensure that necessary reclamation work is accomplished in accordance with the approved plan.

(l) Site Preparation - Removal of trees and other vegetative cover in anticipation of Special Land Use Permit approval is prohibited. Any organic waste materials (trees, stumps, etc.) generated during site preparation shall either be removed from the site or disposed of in a manner approved by the Planning Commission prior to commencement of site preparation activities.

(m) Prohibited Practices - No permits issued under provisions of this Ordinance shall either permit or allow use of the site for either permanent disposal and/or temporary storage of waste or surplus materials from off-site locations. Any such use shall be grounds for revocation of the Special Land Use permit.

(n) Temporary Nature - Mineral extraction activities such as sand and gravel mining are considered to be temporary in nature and may have time limits and/or periodic reviews attached as conditions of approval by the Planning Commission.

(o) Liability Insurance - All permit holders shall be required to obtain and retain personal injury and property damage liability insurance while any active operations or un-reclaimed areas exist. Required insurance shall be not less than $300,000 for each person or property injured or damaged, and not less than $1,000,000 for injury or damage to more than one person or one person's property arising out of one occurrence. These amounts may be modified by Township Board action subsequent to adoption of this Ordinance. Evidence of insurance coverage shall be filed with the Township Clerk.

28.605E Off-Premise Signs and Billboards. This Ordinance recognizes that signs and billboards have adverse traffic safety impacts as they are intended to, and undoubtedly do, divert a driver's attention from the roadway. Signs and billboards can also restrict sight distance near intersections and driveways. The Ordinance also recognizes the importance of the aesthetics of the Township to the quality of life of its residents and the determination that signs and billboards significantly detract from the Township's aesthetic characteristics. Billboards may also have adverse effects on the maintenance of property values in the vicinity of billboards. In consideration of these issues, the following requirements and conditions shall have application to off-premise signs and billboards:

(a) Sign or billboard content shall not advertise any business, product, or service and shall not contain expressions of religious, political, or ideological beliefs.
(b) Sign or billboard content shall be limited to identification of a facility and directional information to the facility or location.
(c) Applicants submitting Special Land Use permit requests for signs or billboards that provide directional information to a facility or location must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Planning Commission that providing the information will serve the public interest. An accurate representation of the proposed sign or billboard message shall be presented in conjunction with the applicant's presentation.
(d) Signs and/or billboards permitted under this Section shall be limited to not more than thirty two (32) square feet in sign face area with no vertical dimension exceeding any horizontal dimension. Notwithstanding the requirements of Section 28.703(c), such signs and billboards shall be limited to a maximum height of twelve (12) above the average ground elevation within ten (10) feet of sign or billboard supports.
(e) Signs and billboards permitted under this Section shall not be placed closer than one thousand (1,000) feet to any other permitted or non-conforming off-premise sign unless the applicant can demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Planning Commission that no reasonable alternative location is available.
(f) The requirements of this Section are in addition to the requirements of Article VII - Signs and Billboards of this Ordinance.

28.605F Telecommunication Towers. Additional requirements and conditions:

(a) Special Land Use Permits are required for all wireless telecommunication towers.

(b) A site plan shall be submitted meeting the requirements of Article XII of this Ordinance. In addition to the provisions of Section 28.1203, the site plan shall show the location of the tower, all guy wires and support structures, and all attendant facilities. The site plan shall also indicate the distances from the tower base to the nearest points on all adjacent property lines.
(c) Towers shall be located not less than one (1) times the height of the tower measured from the base of the tower to all points on each property line.
(d) Tower height shall not exceed ninety (90) feet for single users, one hundred twenty (120) feet for two users, and one hundred fifty (150) feet for three or more users.
(e) Towers and attendant accessory structures shall be enclosed by security fencing not less than six (6) feet in height and shall be equipped with appropriate anti-climbing features.
(f) Guy wire anchors shall not be located in setback areas.
(g) The applicant shall be required to demonstrate that the facility will be appropriately filtered or shielded to prevent interference with radio and television reception in neighboring residential areas.
(h) Towers shall not be artificially lighted except as required by the FAA or other authority with jurisdiction.
(i) Appropriate hazard warning signs shall be placed on the security fencing in easily accessible locations.
(j) A telecommunication tower that is not operated for a continuous period of twelve (12) months shall be considered abandoned and the owner of such tower shall remove the same within ninety (90) days of notice from the Township of such abandonment of use. The applicant shall be required to provide a bond equal to the reasonable cost of removing the tower and attendant facilities as a condition of Special Land Use Permit approval.

28.605G Sexually Oriented Businesses. The intent of this Section is to regulate sexually oriented businesses in order to promote the health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens of the Township, and to establish reasonable and uniform regulations to prevent the deleterious location and concentration of sexually oriented businesses within the Township. The provisions of this Section have neither the purpose nor the effect of imposing a limitation or restriction on the content of any communicative materials, including sexually oriented materials. Similarly, it is not the intent or effect of this Section to restrict or deny access by adults to sexually oriented materials protected by the First Amendment, or to deny access by the distributors and exhibitors of sexually oriented entertainment to their intended market. It is not the intent or effect of this Section to condone or legitimize the distribution of obscene materials.

A. Classification

Sexually oriented businesses are classified as follows:

(a) Adult arcades.
(b) Adult bookstores, adult novelty stores, and adult video stores.
(c) Adult cabarets.
(d) Adult motels.
(e) Adult motion picture theaters and adult live stage performing theaters.
(f) Escort agencies.
(g) Nude model studios.
(h) Sexual encounter centers.

B. Definitions

Each classification of sexually oriented business is defined as follows:

Adult arcades - Any place where the public is permitted or invited wherein electronically, electrically, or mechanically controlled still or motion picture machines, projectors, video or laser disk players, or other image-producing devices are maintained to show images to five or fewer persons per machine at any one time, and where the images so displayed are distinguished or characterized by the depicting or describing of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas. Such image-producing devices may be coin-operated, slug-operated, or require some other form of consideration.

Adult bookstores, adult novelty stores, and adult video stores - Commercial establishments having ten percent or more of all usable interior, retail, wholesale, or warehouse space devoted to the distribution, display, and/or storage of books, magazines, other periodicals, photographs, drawings, slides, films, videotapes, recording tapes, and/or novelty items which are distinguished or characterized by their emphasis on matter depicting, describing, or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas, or an establishment with a segment or section devoted to the sale or display of such material. Such establishment or the segment or section devoted to the sale or display of such material in an establishment is customarily not open to the public generally, but only to one or more classes of the public, excluding any minor by reason of age.

Adult cabaret - An establishment which features any of the following: topless dancers, bottomless dancers, go-go dancers, strippers, male and/or female impersonators, and similar entertainers. Establishments with topless and/or bottomless waitpersons or employees are included in this definition.

Adult motel- A hotel, motel, or similar commercial establishment which (a) offers accommodations to the public for any form of consideration; provides patrons with closed-circuit television transmissions, films, motion pictures, videocassettes, slides, or other photographic reproductions which are characterized by the depiction or description of specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas; and has a sign visible from the public right-of-way which advertises the availability of this type of adult photographic reproductions and; (b) offers a sleeping room for rent for a period of time that is less than ten hours or allows a tenant or occupant of a sleeping room to sub-rent the room for a period of time that is less than ten hours.

Adult motion picture theater or adult live stage performing theater - An enclosed building used for presenting material distinguished or characterized by an emphasis on matter depicting, describing, or relating to specified sexual activities or specified anatomical areas for observation by patrons therein. Such establishment is customarily not open to the public generally, but to one or more classes of the public, excluding any minor by reason of age.

Escort agency - A person or business association that furnishes, offers to furnish, or advertises to furnish escorts as one of its primary business purposes for a fee, tip, or other consideration. Such escorts are intended to act as a companion or date for another person or who agree or offer to privately model lingerie or privately perform a striptease for another person.

Nude model studio - Any place where a person appears semi-nude, nude, or displays specified anatomical areas and is to be observed, sketched, drawn, painted, sculptured, photographed, or similarly depicted by other persons who pay money or any form of consideration. Not included are proprietary schools licensed by the state; colleges, junior colleges, or universities supported entirely or in part by public funding; or private colleges or universities that have educational programs in which credits are transferable to publicly funded educational institutions.

Sexual encounter centers - A business or commercial enterprise that, as one of its principal business purposes, offers for any form of consideration, physical contact in the form of wrestling or tumbling between persons of the opposite sex or activities between male and female persons and/or persons of the same sex when one or more of the persons is in a state of nudity or is semi-nude.
Other definitions having application in this Section:

Specified anatomical areas - Portions of the human body defined as (a) less than completely and opaquely covered human genitals, the pubic region, buttocks, and female breasts below a point immediately above the top of the areola and (b) human male genitals in a discernible turgid state, even if completely and opaquely covered.

Specified sexual activities - The explicit display of one or more of the following: (a) human genitals in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal; (b) acts of human masturbation, sexual intercourse, or sodomy; and (c) fondling or other erotic touching of human genitals, the pubic region, buttocks, or female breasts.

C. Location

1. It shall be unlawful for any person to operate or cause to be operated a sexually oriented business in any zoning district zoned solely for residential use. It shall also be unlawful to operate or cause to be operated a sexually oriented business in any zoning district not specifically permitting such uses and other than in a location and manner as defined and described in this Zoning Ordinance.

2. It shall be unlawful for any person to operate or cause to be operated a sexually oriented business within 1,000 feet of:
(a) A church, synagogue, mosque, temple, or building which is used primarily for religious services and/or related religious activity.
(b) A public or private educational facility, including but not limited to child day care facilities, nursery schools, preschools, kindergartens, elementary schools, private schools, intermediate schools, junior high schools, middle schools, high schools, vocational schools, secondary schools, continuation schools, special education schools, junior colleges, colleges, and universities. For purposes of this Subsection, the term "school" includes school grounds, but does not include facilities used primarily for another purpose and only incidentally as a school.
(c) A boundary of a residential district as defined by Township zoning requirements.
(d) A public park or recreational area which has been designated for park or recreational purposes including, but not limited to, parks, playgrounds, nature trails, swimming pools, reservoirs, athletic fields, basketball and tennis courts, pedestrian/bicycle paths, wilderness areas, and other public lands within the Township that are under the control, operation, or management of Township authorities with responsibility for parks and recreation.
(e) The property line of a lot devoted to a residential use
(f) An entertainment business which is oriented primarily toward child or family entertainment.
(g) A premise licensed pursuant to the alcoholic beverage control regulations of the state.

3. It shall be unlawful for any person to cause or permit the operation, substantial enlargement, or transfer of ownership or control of a sexually oriented business within 1,000 feet of another sexually oriented business.

4. It shall be unlawful for any person to cause or permit the operation, establishment, or maintenance of more than one sexually oriented business in the same building, structure, or portion thereof.

5. Sexually oriented businesses shall be prohibited from locating in any building that is also utilized for residential purposes.

6. For the purposes of Subsection C - 2 above, the 1,000 foot measurement shall be made in a straight line, without regard for intervening structures or objects, from the nearest portion of the building or structure used as the part of the premises where a sexually oriented business is conducted, to the nearest property line of the premises of a use listed in Subsection C - 2. Presence of a municipal, county, or other political subdivision boundary shall be irrelevant for purposes of calculating and applying the distance requirements of Subsection C - 2.
7. For purposes of Subsection C - 3 above, the 1,000 foot measurement between any two sexually oriented businesses shall be measured in a straight line, without regard to the intervening structures or objects or political boundaries, from the closest exterior wall of the structure in which each business is located.

D. Restrictions

1. It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly allow a person under the age of 18 years on the premises of a sexually oriented business.

2. No sexually oriented business, except for an adult motel, shall remain open at any time between the hours of 1:00 am and 8:00 am on weekdays and Saturdays, and 1:00 am and 12:00 noon on Sundays.

3. Any and all Special Land Use Permits approved by the Township for sexually oriented businesses shall be conditioned with the requirement that that the permit holder shall allow representatives of law enforcement agencies, the county health department, the fire department, and Township ordinance enforcement personnel to inspect the business premises for purposes on ensuring compliance with requirements of law, regulations, Township ordinances, and permit conditions at any time when occupied or open for business. Any person refusing to permit such inspections commits a misdemeanor and shall be subject to the enforcement and penalties provisions of Article XX of this Ordinance.

E. Adult Use (Accessory)

Adult Use (Accessory) - An Adult Use (Accessory) is a sexually oriented business use that is approved as a limited part of a business enterprise that operates or will operate in accordance with the terms of a Special Land Use permit issued by the Township and that meets the following conditions:
1. Such use is specifically defined in the Special Land Use Permit application submitted for the principal business or, if to be added to an existing business, receives prior Township approval under a separate Special Land Use Permit.
2. Such use shall comprise no more than ten (10) percent of the floor area of the establishment in which it is located.
3. Such use shall comprise no more than twenty (20) percent of the gross receipts of the entire business operation.
4. Such use shall not involve any activity other than the sale or rental of merchandise.
5. Such use shall be restricted from and prohibit access to minors by the physical separation of such items from areas of general public access.
6. Such use shall not be advertised either internally or externally and shall have no signing relating to adult materials and products.

No Adult Use (Accessory) sexually oriented business use shall be permitted in any zoning district zoned solely for residential use.

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Article VII. - Signs and Billboards

28.700 General. These provisions regulate the display of signs and billboards at all locations in Bruce Township except for locations under the jurisdiction of federal, State of Michigan, or Chippewa County governments. The provisions are intended to limit installation of signs and billboards to those necessary for the reasonable conduct of business; to provide guidance and direction to the public; to provide a reasonable forum for the protected expression of religious, political, and ideological beliefs; and to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the Township and the public.

28.701 Permit Requirements. Special Land Use permits are required for all signs and billboards except for those specifically exempted by these provisions.

28.702 (Reserved).

28.703 Requirements of General Application.

(a) Signs and billboards shall not be located in any public rights-of-way except for those legally installed or approved by the governmental jurisdiction having control of the right-of-way.
(b) Signs and billboards shall not be placed in any location or in any manner that interferes visually with the safe operation of motor vehicles or the safe passage of pedestrians.
(c) No signs or billboards shall extend above or exceed the highest roofline of the principal structure on the property nor be more than twenty (20) feet above the lowest ground elevation within fifty (50) feet of any sign support.
(d) All signs and billboards shall be maintained in sound structural condition. Damaged signs and billboards shall be promptly repaired or removed.
(e) Copy and graphics shall be maintained in a legible condition.
(f) Signs for which illumination is not specifically prohibited may be illuminated so long as such illumination is concentrated on the surface of the sign and the signs are oriented to avoid glare or reflection onto any portion of adjacent roadways or onto adjacent premises.
(g) No person shall repair, alter, or cause to be repaired or altered any non-conforming sign or billboard without obtaining a Special Land Use permit. Routine maintenance of the sign face is allowed.
(h) Any sign or billboard that fails to comply with any of the requirements set forth herein shall be considered a public nuisance per se. This shall constitute grounds for revocation of any associated permits, required removal of the sign or billboard, and/or imposition of any penalties prescribed by this Ordinance.

28.704 Exempt Signs. Signs and devices listed in this section and installed in compliance with the